Garden Column for the Salisbury Post

Darrell Blackwelder

August 8, 2002

Several have called over the past few days concerned about a menacing large, orange-red ant scurrying around yards and playgrounds. The ant is actually from a family of wasps that look like large furry ants.

Velvet ants are venomous insects. They have docile dispositions, but will inflict a painful sting if mishandled. Velvet ants are also known as cowkillers and mulekillers because of their painful sting.  There are about 470 species in the United States and Canada and 5000 species worldwide. Female velvet ants are wingless and are usually found running solitary along the ground seemly with a mission.  These are not social insects like honeybees or fire ants.

Males of almost all species are smaller than the females and have wings. They are not as common as the female usually found on flowers. As in all wasps, the males cannot sting. Some species of velvet ants are nocturnal, but most of the ones in Rowan County are active during the day. They are conspicuous because of their bright colors and rapid movement along the ground.

Despite their fuzzy appearance, the wasps have extremely hard exoskeletons enabling them to withstand the stings of many varieties of bees and wasps. Velvet ants are beneficial insects that parasitize other ground dwelling bees including yellow jackets and cicada killers.

The female wasp spends much of her time on the ground searching for burrows in order to deposit her eggs. Depending upon the species, the developing velvet ant brood will feed upon the larvae of the wasp or bee, or the stockpile of food left for the unsuspecting wasp or bee. Adult velvet ants feed on nectar, pollen and fruit in the wild.

One interesting fact about velvet ants is they are very good at climbing glass. They are also very skilled in the art of burrowing to avoid detection. When disturbed, they produce a loud, high pitched squeaking sound.

Darrell Blackwelder is an agricultural agent in charge of horticulture with the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service in Rowan County . For archived garden columns or other information, visit the Rowan County Master Gardener web site at www.rowanmastergardener.com or e mail Darrell_blackwelder@ncsu.edu

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