Garden Column for the Salisbury Post
Darrell Blackwelder
October 6, 2005

     Sunday morning after church, I stopped by the grocery to pick up a few
items for lunch. It never fails that I have a people ask me gardening
questions when I'm about, but never had the exact question asked by two
different people. "What is the best type of mulch to use for azaleas?" asked
from a lady on the cosmetics aisle and from a gentleman gleaning through the
apples in the section. So- here is the long version of my answer.
Pine needles, bark nuggets, composted ground limbs, twigs and wood shavings
are popular organic mulching materials that I would recommend as mulch for
azaleas or other plant materials. Avoid mulching material containing green
wood or cellulose such as fresh ground limbs, sawdust, twigs because it will
attract termites. Pine needles, bark nuggets and composted material do not
have viable cellulose that attracts termites.
Even thought we've received the bit of rain earlier this week, adding mulch
conserves moisture and reduces water consumption. Organic mulches also
enrich the soil and in many instances prevent lawn mower and trimmer damage.
Mulches also reduce weed competition and often prevent some weed seed from
germinating.  But, mulches will not prevent or delay weed growth forever.
Mulches should be applied 3­ to 4 inches deep over clean, weed free soil.
Over mulching can cause serious problems with root development. Heavy
applications of fine mulch such as sawdust and finely ground bark inhibits
oxygen uptake of trees and shrubs.
Grass clippings as mulch may create a "thatched roof effect" prohibiting
water penetration. These materials and any other "green" material should be
composted before using as a mulching material.
      Landscape fabric or geo-­textile material placed under  mulch retards
and prevents germination of some weed species. However, this material will
not prevent growth of bermuda grass. Bermuda grass, nutsedge and other
perennial weeds or grasses must be eliminated before applying geo-­textile
material.
     Never use black plastic as mulch.  Black plastic either allows too
little water or excessive amounts of moisture to accumulate in or around the
root system. There is practically no oxygen penetration for root growth
which is extremely important to root growth and development.Trees and shrubs
often do poorly when black plastic is used under a layer of mulch. Many
weeds such as bermuda grass easily penetrates plastic creating a nightmare
to maintain.
Other materials such as crushed brick, gravel, lava rock, or pebbles can be
successfully used as mulching material if the sure the materials are
compatible with the design. These materials are often used in commercial
situations to reduce fire hazards from smokers. However, many landscapes are
not compatible with use of these materials. Inorganic materials in many
landscape situations require ground cloth or some geo­-textile material to
prevent red mud or other soil types from staining the material.

Darrell Blackwelder is an agricultural agent in charge of horticulture with
the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service in Rowan County. For
archived garden columns or other information, visit the Rowan County Master
Gardener web site at www.rowanmastergardener.com , e-mail
Darrell_Blackwelder@ncsu.edu